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Why Societies Move Toward Oligarchy — And How They Don't Have To

The Attractor Theory, Told in Plain Language

Barak Water

This is the narrative version. For the full mathematical development, see the rigorous version.

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1. The Core Idea in Plain Terms

Societies don't randomly become unequal.

They move toward patterns — like gravity pulling objects.

These patterns are called attractors.

Two main ones:

  • Oligarchic — power and wealth concentrate
  • Egalitarian — resources remain broadly shared

2. What Creates Oligarchy

Imagine a simple situation:

Someone starts with more.

Because they have more:

  • They get better opportunities
  • They gain influence
  • They reinforce their position

Over time:

  • Small differences become large
  • Large differences become dominance

Real-life example: Modern economies

Wealth generates investment income. Investment generates more wealth.

This creates self-reinforcing inequality.

3. What Prevents Oligarchy

Now imagine a different structure:

  • Accumulation is limited
  • Sharing is expected
  • Dominance is challenged

Example: San societies

If someone accumulates too much:

  • Social pressure reduces it
  • Sharing restores balance

No one becomes permanently dominant.

4. Why Small Systems Stay Equal

In small groups:

  • Everyone sees everything
  • Behavior is visible
  • Corrections happen quickly

5. Why Large Systems Drift Toward Inequality

As systems grow:

  • Visibility decreases
  • Coordination becomes harder
  • Power concentrates

6. The Breakthrough Insight

Large systems don't fail because equality is impossible. They fail because the structure changes as they scale.

7. How to Scale Equality

Two key mechanisms:

Modular Structure

Instead of one giant system: many smaller systems, connected together.

Each retains local visibility and local control.

New World Web

A shared digital layer that:

  • Shows needs
  • Shows resources
  • Shows decisions

8. What This Looks Like in Practice

Example: Medical Need

A hospital needs equipment.

Instead of budgeting, negotiating, competing —

The system:

  • Detects the need
  • Finds available supply
  • Routes resources

Example: Problem Solving

A community faces a technical issue.

The system:

  • Broadcasts the problem
  • Matches people with relevant skills
  • Enables collaboration

9. What Happens When Things Go Wrong

Case: Shortage

System detects imbalance. Allocation adjusts. Production increases.

Case: Power Concentration

Decision patterns become visible. Authority is redistributed.

Case: Data Failure

Local systems continue operating. Coordination resumes when restored.

10. Why This System Can Stay Stable

Because it:

  • Limits accumulation
  • Prevents dominance
  • Corrects failures early
  • Distributes power

11. What This Means for People

In oligarchic systems:

  • Insecurity
  • Competition
  • Inequality

In egalitarian systems:

  • Stability
  • Cooperation
  • Shared access

12. Final Insight

The question is not: "Are humans too selfish?"

The question is: "What system reinforces which behaviors?"

If a system rewards accumulation and power — oligarchy emerges.

If a system limits accumulation and distributes coordination — equality stabilizes.